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Ich bin über die Entwicklung in Deutschland erschüttert, es geht doch eigentlich nur noch um neue Märkte der Forschung für neue Profite. Das Interesse an der Gesundheit der Menschen dient doch oft nur noch als Vorwand. Der Ethikrat scheint mir sehr kraftlos.
Dürfen Wissenschaftler wirklich alles machen, was technisch möglich ist? Der Drang des Menschen, alles bis ins letzte Detail erforschen - wissen zu wollen, wird irgendwann der Untergang statt Rettung sein.
Ist schon wieder der 1. April? Der Orion ist m.E. das mit Abstand auffälligste Sternbild, es würde mich nicht im geringsten erstaunen, wenn es bereits früheste menschliche Kulturen beeinflußt hat. Was mich jedoch erstaunt ist die Existenz dieses Kurzartikels - inwiefern ist die Vermutung von Herrn Michael Rappenglück denn wissenschaftlich?
in diesen Regionen sind Brände Bestandteil des natürlichen Systems, die Natur ist daran angepasst bzw. sogar teilweise darauf angewiesen. Das Eingreifen des Menschen macht hier vieles eher schlechter als besser...
Es ist ziemlich schwer vorstellbar, dass Menschen über Jahrtausende hinweg nicht bemerkt haben sollten, dass am Himmel jahreszeitabhängig Konstellationen auftauchen. Insofern ist es durchaus vorstellbar, dass dergleichen Beobachtungen schriftlich oder bildlich fest gehalten wurden. Allerdings halte ich es für mutig, die abgebildete Figur als Karte zu bezeichnen...
unabhängig von der frage, ob nicht JEDE körperliche "störung" psychologische ursachen hat: es ist unumstritten, dass der prozentsatz sexuell missbrauchter/vergewaltigter frauen (wenn man von einem alter von nur 25 jahren ausgeht!) in mitteleuropa um die 10 prozent beträgt; rechnet man auch sexuelle belästigung dazu, wird in studien sogar von 20-25% betroffener ausgegangen. ein direkter zusammenhang zwischen dieser tatsache und dem auftreten von sexueller "dysfunktion" kann weder von einem logisch denkenden menschen, noch von wissenschaftern geleugnet werden. das "bekämpfen" dieses krankheitsbildes durch ein körperlich wirkendes medikament ignoriert in vielen fällen die tatsächliche "störung". ich sehe hier daher die gefahr, dass die ursächliche "erkrankung" im psychischen bereich nicht nur übersehen, sondern durch eine oberflächliche körperliche "behandlung" noch verschlimmert wird.
die Quelle stimmt, ich habe gerade nochmal die angegebene DOI überprüft. Allerdings ist der Artikel offenbar noch nicht online. PNAS veröffentlicht die Artikel mittlerweile im Laufe der Woche. Hier die entsprechende Information von PNAS auf dem Presseportal:
"PNAS now publishes DAILY online. This means that the articles contained on this website may publish any day between Monday, January 20, and Friday, January 24, 2003."
Warum habt ihr nichts ueber dieselbe Erfindung von den russischen Professoren Alexander Sergeevitsch Popov kein Wort geschrieben? Er hat doch wahrscheinlich fruher als G. Marconi und unabhaengig von ihn, in Jahren 1895-1897, in St. Petersburg die erste Radioanlage gebaut un genutzt.
The First Electronic Church of America --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Russia's Popov: Did he "invent" radio? Alexander Stepanovitch Popov Born March 16, 1859. Died January 13, 1906 EDITOR'S NOTE: In this new on-line biography, Popov's deserved credit in creating wireless electronic communications ("radio") has been given validation by no less a source than the official history of Communications-Electronics in the United States Navy, written in 1963 at the height of the Cold War - when the US military certainly had no reason to give undeserved credit to a Russian scientist. The Navy history cites information from other publications mentioning Popov, dating back to 1927. But the US Navy also apparently relied on "unofficial" sources for its study of Popov's wireless work, because the Navy history includes insightful anonymous personal glimpses of Popov's working habits and personality, insights most likely gathered somewhere along the line as both sides of the Cold War routinely collected personal details - the easiest intelligence to gather - about their enemies' leaders and innovators. For more of this note, click here
No one person "invented" wireless electronic communications, even though Guglielmo Marconi for over 100 years has been called the inventor of radio. Marconi did take the ideas and inventions of others and put them together in a workable form to allow people to send messages through the air, invisibly, on radio waves.
But, at almost the same time Marconi was making his "discovery" in 1895, a Russian professor made the same discovery. The main difference was that Marconi was an enthusiastic entrepreneur who rushed to spread news of his discovery to the world and to sell it to them.
Alexander Popov (also spelled "Popoff"), by contrast, was apparently driven by a different spirit and never had a desire to profit from his discoveries.
According to Radio's 100 Men of Science (Harper & Brothers, 1944) "Popoff entered the wireless field through his attempt to develop a device to detect thunderstorms in advance. He conceived the idea of using the Branly coherer to pick up static or atmospheric electricity - the clue to the electric storm's approach."
Anyone who has listened to an AM radio during a lightening storm can understand how a "thunderstorm detector" could become a radio receiver. The transmitter could be a simple means of generating jolts of electricity the way the storm does. If those jolts are controlled they can easily be used to send Morse code messages.
In a May, 1895 Popov reported sending and receiving a wireless signal across a 600 yards distance. In March, 1897, Prof. Popov equipped a land station at Kronstadt and the Russian navy cruiser Africa with his wireless communications apparatus for ship-to-shore communications.
In about 1900, Russian history* sources say either 1899 or 1901, Popov's wireless apparatus was used in what may have been the first ever use of radio communications to help a vessel in distress.
The battleship General-Admiral Apraksin was going down amidst the ice floes of the Gulf of Finland with hundreds of sailors and officers aboard, but Popov's radio system enabled them to contact Hogland and Kutsalo islands 45 kilometers away. Those wireless stations relayed the distress messages and rescue orders to the icebreaker Ermak.
Radio communications was so new at the time that it's likely few of the Apraksin's crew had even considered that help might be summoned from afar, and it's reported they had resigned themselves to an icy death. The sight of the Ermak emerging from the fog must have seemed to some a miracle and the man who invented the wireless system that saved their lives must have seemed an angel.
Ironically, according to Russian accounts, Popov was divinely inspired to invent what we now call radio.
Ironic, because the critics who saw the mysterious electrical contraptions used as the first radio sets assumed it must be the work of the devil, and because Popov was, after all, trying to find a way to detect what is commonly called "an act of God" - thunderstorms - when he discovered how to send wireless communications through the air.
Popov was born in 1859 in the Turinsk mining district of Russia, the son of a priest.
A popular Russian biography of Popov says he grew up in a household filled with those haunting Russian icons of martyred saints. The boy Popov, it's reported, was "blessed by the Lord" with the strong desire to be able to communicate silently and invisibly through air by means of some as yet undiscovered and incomprehensible process.
"In the long winter nights of the Ural Mountains, while the wind sang its song outside, the boy was preparing for his destiny - to be the inventor of radio."
Popov definitely did become an inventor of radio, even if Marconi became known as the inventor of radio, but Popov hasn't been totally ignored in the history books.
The United States Navy, which battled with Marconi over the use of his patents on US warships, gives Marconi credit for his marketing prowess, but Popov gets credit for being a better scientist. Here's how the official U.S. Government publication History of Communications - Electronics in the United States Navy (Bureau of Ships and Office of Naval History, 1963) views the question of who invented radio:
"[In 1895], Prof. A.S. Popoff improved [Sir Oliver] Lodge's receiver by the insertion of choke coils on each side of the relay to protect the coherer and by replacing the spark gap with a vertical antenna insulated at its upper end and connected to the ground through the coherer. Popoff utilized his equipment to obtain information for a study of atmospheric electricity. Like Lodge, he was too engrossed with teaching and science to concern himself over its practical aspects. On 7 May 1895, in a lecture before the Russian Physicist Society of St. Petersburg, he stated he had transmitted and received signals at an intervening distance of 6 hundred yards.
In the same year, Guglielmo Marconi, son of an Italian nobleman and an Irish mother, by using a Hertz oscillator and an antenna and a receiver very similar to Popoff's, successfully transmitted and received signals within the limits of his father's estate at Bologna, Italy."
The Navy's account continues, "Marconi can scarcely be called an inventor. His contribution was more in the fields of applied research and engineering development. He possessed a very practical business acumen, and he was not hampered by the same driving urge to do fundamental research which had caused Lodge and Popoff to procrastinate in the development of a commercial [radio] system."
Popov studied physics and mathematics at the Faculty of Physics in Saint Petersburg. After graduation, in 1885 he started teaching physics and doing research at the elite naval warfare institute on Kronstadt Island near St. Petersburg. It was there he began to explore the work of Maxwell and Hertz, explorations that would lead to Popov's radio receiving and transmitting system.
Popov's radio system earned him a Grand Gold Medal for research at the Paris International Exposition of 1900.
In 1901 he was appointed director of the St. Petersburg Electro-Technical Institute
Alexander Stepanovitch Popov died on January 13, 1906 at the age of 46.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *Russian history research by Victor Cherniak Books, Moscow - Translation by Eugene Kocherga We welcome additions, corrections or comments. Please e-mail Bob Hudson at: ok@wsone.com
Interesting links: Letter to FECHA from the Russian Chapter, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers St. Petersburg Electro-Technical Institute - Where Popov made his experiments Russian Academy of Sciences. Russian Web Site Directory
Wissen=Wissen
27.01.2003, Herr von Quaoar"Der Ostern der Türkei ist am Morgen gegen 7:30 Uhr Ortszeit von einem schweren Erdbeben erschüttert worden..."
Ostern steht zwar vor der Tür, aber ich denke mal hier wird wohl der "Osten" gemeint.
Hilft das Zeug auch bei Alzheimer und BSE?
26.01.2003, Karl GroßePID
26.01.2003, Anke WiemerDürfen Wissenschaftler wirklich alles machen, was technisch möglich ist? Der Drang des Menschen, alles bis ins letzte Detail erforschen - wissen zu wollen, wird irgendwann der Untergang statt Rettung sein.
Dünne Methusalems
25.01.2003, G.v.PaczenskyRorschachtest für Astronomen?
23.01.2003, R.P.KrauseDer Orion ist m.E. das mit Abstand auffälligste Sternbild, es würde mich nicht im geringsten erstaunen, wenn es bereits früheste menschliche Kulturen beeinflußt hat.
Was mich jedoch erstaunt ist die Existenz dieses Kurzartikels - inwiefern ist die Vermutung von Herrn Michael Rappenglück denn wissenschaftlich?
RE: Preventive Maßnahmen
23.01.2003, Antje Findeklee, Redaktionin diesen Regionen sind Brände Bestandteil des natürlichen Systems, die Natur ist daran angepasst bzw. sogar teilweise darauf angewiesen. Das Eingreifen des Menschen macht hier vieles eher schlechter als besser...
Einen kleinen Überblick über die Forschung zur Feuerökologie finden Sie bei der Arbeitsgruppe Feuerökologie an der Universität Freiburg. Sie betreut auch das Global Fire Monitoring Center.
Mit besten Grüßen,
Antje Findeklee, Redaktion
Preventive Maßnahmen
23.01.2003, P. SülbergKarte?
23.01.2003, Jutta PaulusInsofern ist es durchaus vorstellbar, dass dergleichen Beobachtungen schriftlich oder bildlich fest gehalten wurden.
Allerdings halte ich es für mutig, die abgebildete Figur als Karte zu bezeichnen...
RE: jede Körperfunktion kann gestört sein
23.01.2003, evees ist unumstritten, dass der prozentsatz sexuell missbrauchter/vergewaltigter frauen (wenn man von einem alter von nur 25 jahren ausgeht!) in mitteleuropa um die 10 prozent beträgt; rechnet man auch sexuelle belästigung dazu, wird in studien sogar von 20-25% betroffener ausgegangen. ein direkter zusammenhang zwischen dieser tatsache und dem auftreten von sexueller "dysfunktion" kann weder von einem logisch denkenden menschen, noch von wissenschaftern geleugnet werden.
das "bekämpfen" dieses krankheitsbildes durch ein körperlich wirkendes medikament ignoriert in vielen fällen die tatsächliche "störung". ich sehe hier daher die gefahr, dass die ursächliche "erkrankung" im psychischen bereich nicht nur übersehen, sondern durch eine oberflächliche körperliche "behandlung" noch verschlimmert wird.
RE: Quellefehler
22.01.2003, Thorsten Krome, Redaktiondie Quelle stimmt, ich habe gerade nochmal die angegebene DOI überprüft. Allerdings ist der Artikel offenbar noch nicht online. PNAS veröffentlicht die Artikel mittlerweile im Laufe der Woche. Hier die entsprechende Information von PNAS auf dem Presseportal:
"PNAS now publishes DAILY online. This means that the articles contained on this website may publish any day between Monday, January 20, and Friday, January 24, 2003."
Mit besten Grüßen
Thorsten Krome
Quellefehler
22.01.2003, David AuerbachUnwort des Jahres
22.01.2003, Klaus Mayer"Internierungslager", mit dem
das KZ auf Kuba verniedlicht wird.
Entsprechende klinische Versuche sind geplant.
19.01.2003, EinigWo sind in Deutschland klinische Versuche mit Statinen geplant?
von A.S. Popov kein Wort
18.01.2003, W. SztumskiThe First Electronic Church of America
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Russia's Popov: Did he "invent" radio?
Alexander Stepanovitch Popov
Born March 16, 1859. Died January 13, 1906
EDITOR'S NOTE: In this new on-line biography, Popov's deserved credit in creating wireless electronic communications ("radio") has been given validation by no less a source than the official history of Communications-Electronics in the United States Navy, written in 1963 at the height of the Cold War - when the US military certainly had no reason to give undeserved credit to a Russian scientist. The Navy history cites information from other publications mentioning Popov, dating back to 1927. But the US Navy also apparently relied on "unofficial" sources for its study of Popov's wireless work, because the Navy history includes insightful anonymous personal glimpses of Popov's working habits and personality, insights most likely gathered somewhere along the line as both sides of the Cold War routinely collected personal details - the easiest intelligence to gather - about their enemies' leaders and innovators. For more of this note, click here
No one person "invented" wireless electronic communications, even though Guglielmo Marconi for over 100 years has been called the inventor of radio. Marconi did take the ideas and inventions of others and put them together in a workable form to allow people to send messages through the air, invisibly, on radio waves.
But, at almost the same time Marconi was making his "discovery" in 1895, a Russian professor made the same discovery. The main difference was that Marconi was an enthusiastic entrepreneur who rushed to spread news of his discovery to the world and to sell it to them.
Alexander Popov (also spelled "Popoff"), by contrast, was apparently driven by a different spirit and never had a desire to profit from his discoveries.
According to Radio's 100 Men of Science (Harper & Brothers, 1944) "Popoff entered the wireless field through his attempt to develop a device to detect thunderstorms in advance. He conceived the idea of using the Branly coherer to pick up static or atmospheric electricity - the clue to the electric storm's approach."
Anyone who has listened to an AM radio during a lightening storm can understand how a "thunderstorm detector" could become a radio receiver. The transmitter could be a simple means of generating jolts of electricity the way the storm does. If those jolts are controlled they can easily be used to send Morse code messages.
In a May, 1895 Popov reported sending and receiving a wireless signal across a 600 yards distance. In March, 1897, Prof. Popov equipped a land station at Kronstadt and the Russian navy cruiser Africa with his wireless communications apparatus for ship-to-shore communications.
In about 1900, Russian history* sources say either 1899 or 1901, Popov's wireless apparatus was used in what may have been the first ever use of radio communications to help a vessel in distress.
The battleship General-Admiral Apraksin was going down amidst the ice floes of the Gulf of Finland with hundreds of sailors and officers aboard, but Popov's radio system enabled them to contact Hogland and Kutsalo islands 45 kilometers away. Those wireless stations relayed the distress messages and rescue orders to the icebreaker Ermak.
Radio communications was so new at the time that it's likely few of the Apraksin's crew had even considered that help might be summoned from afar, and it's reported they had resigned themselves to an icy death. The sight of the Ermak emerging from the fog must have seemed to some a miracle and the man who invented the wireless system that saved their lives must have seemed an angel.
Ironically, according to Russian accounts, Popov was divinely inspired to invent what we now call radio.
Ironic, because the critics who saw the mysterious electrical contraptions used as the first radio sets assumed it must be the work of the devil, and because Popov was, after all, trying to find a way to detect what is commonly called "an act of God" - thunderstorms - when he discovered how to send wireless communications through the air.
Popov was born in 1859 in the Turinsk mining district of Russia, the son of a priest.
A popular Russian biography of Popov says he grew up in a household filled with those haunting Russian icons of martyred saints. The boy Popov, it's reported, was "blessed by the Lord" with the strong desire to be able to communicate silently and invisibly through air by means of some as yet undiscovered and incomprehensible process.
"In the long winter nights of the Ural Mountains, while the wind sang its song outside, the boy was preparing for his destiny - to be the inventor of radio."
Popov definitely did become an inventor of radio, even if Marconi became known as the inventor of radio, but Popov hasn't been totally ignored in the history books.
The United States Navy, which battled with Marconi over the use of his patents on US warships, gives Marconi credit for his marketing prowess, but Popov gets credit for being a better scientist. Here's how the official U.S. Government publication History of Communications - Electronics in the United States Navy (Bureau of Ships and Office of Naval History, 1963) views the question of who invented radio:
"[In 1895], Prof. A.S. Popoff improved [Sir Oliver] Lodge's receiver by the insertion of choke coils on each side of the relay to protect the coherer and by replacing the spark gap with a vertical antenna insulated at its upper end and connected to the ground through the coherer. Popoff utilized his equipment to obtain information for a study of atmospheric electricity. Like Lodge, he was too engrossed with teaching and science to concern himself over its practical aspects. On 7 May 1895, in a lecture before the Russian Physicist Society of St. Petersburg, he stated he had transmitted and received signals at an intervening distance of 6 hundred yards.
In the same year, Guglielmo Marconi, son of an Italian nobleman and an Irish mother, by using a Hertz oscillator and an antenna and a receiver very similar to Popoff's, successfully transmitted and received signals within the limits of his father's estate at Bologna, Italy."
The Navy's account continues, "Marconi can scarcely be called an inventor. His contribution was more in the fields of applied research and engineering development. He possessed a very practical business acumen, and he was not hampered by the same driving urge to do fundamental research which had caused Lodge and Popoff to procrastinate in the development of a commercial [radio] system."
Popov studied physics and mathematics at the Faculty of Physics in Saint Petersburg. After graduation, in 1885 he started teaching physics and doing research at the elite naval warfare institute on Kronstadt Island near St. Petersburg. It was there he began to explore the work of Maxwell and Hertz, explorations that would lead to Popov's radio receiving and transmitting system.
Popov's radio system earned him a Grand Gold Medal for research at the Paris International Exposition of 1900.
In 1901 he was appointed director of the St. Petersburg Electro-Technical Institute
Alexander Stepanovitch Popov died on January 13, 1906 at the age of 46.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Russian history research by Victor Cherniak Books, Moscow
- Translation by Eugene Kocherga
We welcome additions, corrections or comments.
Please e-mail Bob Hudson at: ok@wsone.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interesting links:
Letter to FECHA from the Russian Chapter, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
St. Petersburg Electro-Technical Institute - Where Popov made his experiments
Russian Academy of Sciences.
Russian Web Site Directory
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RE: RE: RE: RE: Weltweit erste Krebsbe....
16.01.2003, Astrid StrenzkeMfG
Astrid Strenzke